Essay On The History Of Cells

Essay On The History of Cells
History
Gregor Mendel did the first DNA experiments; He kept records of every plant that was produced through his pea plant experiment.  He started with 34 varieties of pea seeds in which he noticed 7 opposing characteristics among the plants. The pea plants were self-pollinating plants so Mendel was able to leave them alone after the first generation.  With this generation he bred a tall plant with a short plant by self cross-pollinating them. In result, he noticed that all of the offspring were tall.  The change came in the next generation, though, in which, out of the 1,064 plants obtained, 787 were tall and 277 were short, which was about a 3 to 1 average.
The Cell
DNA is the molecule of life. There are two types, RNA and DNA.DNA is the genetic material that makes up the chromosomes in the nucleus and RNA is in the cytoplasm, which is in the cell. DNA is the "ladder" of heredity. DNA called genes determines the organisms. Genes are located in chromosomes, the threads like things in the nucleus. When cells divide they carry instruction to form proteins. DNA can contain anywhere from a dozen genes (like in a virus), to tens of thousands of genes in a higher organism (humans). When an organism is being created a single DNA cell copies it self to form two exact offspring!
Genotypes and Phenotypes
Phenotypes are the way chromosomes show themselves physically, such as short, tall, fat, skinny. Genotypes is the type of organism the alleles of a certain characteristic, TT, Tt, tt. TT- means that the chromosomes that carry the alleles for a certain characteristic both have a dominant gene, Tt- means that one of the chromosomes of a pair has a dominant gene while the other has a recessive gene for the certain characteristic, tt- means that the chromosomes that carry the alleles for a certain characteristic both have a recessive gene.
The Structure of DNA
DNA is the main genetic material in all-living things. Molecule made up...